Legalizing Euthanasia Essay - 881 Words

Today we struggle with the medical ethics on issues of life and death in a culture that denies the terminally and the infirm the right to maintain control over when to end their lives. They come to realize that at some level we are all dependent on others. From infancy to death, the cradle to the grave we rely on a number of people. One such person is our physician. In today’s society a physician is expected to be dedicated to the restoration of health, and the mending of the broken body. What happens when the body is past mending? Is euthanasia the answer? What do I believe? nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Through discussions with my uncle, David Hollett M.D., and first hand observation of the suffering of loved ones close to death, I have†¦show more content†¦Possibly God’s will. In 1990, the Supreme Court of the United States ruled that patients have a right to passive euthanasia if they have clearly made their wishes known. People can do so through living wills and by granting powers of attorney. A living will is a legal document addressed to a patients family and health care providers stating what type of treatment the patient wishes or does not wish to receive if he becomes terminally ill, unconscious, or permanently comatose (Mc Graw-Hill). A power of attorney is the legal right to act as the attorney or agent of another person, including handling that persons financial matters (Mc Graw-Hill). But what about active euthanasia? Currently only Oregon and the Netherlands have laws permitting physician-assisted suicide. There was little need to until Dr. Jack Kevorkian, a 70-year old retired pathologist from Royal Oak, Michigan. Dr.Kevorkian used â€Å"bully pulpit† to strongly advocate for allowing patients the right to decide when they no longer wished to live. . He challenged the legal system by openly admitted to giving assistance to patients with no possibility of any relief from their pain and suffering. He has admitted to extending help to 130 patients up to now (Naidu). Because the Michigan Supreme Court up held a lower court decision, it was ruled that the current law outlawing assisted suicide was constitutional. Dr. Kevorkian, also known as Dr. Death, wasShow MoreRelated Legalizing Euthanasia 2042 Words   |  9 PagesEuthanasia had become a big debate in our society and the world. Many people ask, what is Euthanasia? â€Å"Euthanasia is a deliberate intervention or omission with the expres s intention of hastening or ending and individual’s life, to relieve intractable pain or suffering† (Sanders Chaloner, 2007, p. 41). Thus the meaning of euthanasia is having the right to die if you are terminally ill, suffering and/or suffering a great amount of pain. Many people do not agree with the use of euthanasia, but ifRead MoreLegalizing Active Euthanasia953 Words   |  4 PagesEthics Euthanasia is the act of killing a patient who is undergoing a very serious painful disease that can’t be cured. The killing process involved does not involve any pain. There are different classification of euthanasia; involuntary and voluntary, non-voluntary, passive and active euthanasia. Active euthanasia refers to the painless killing of a patient using poison. It is done by administering any poisonous injection to the hopeless patient (Wennberg 175). People across the world, includingRead More Legalizing Euthanasia Essay2003 Words   |  9 PagesLegalizing Euthanasia Euthanasia is an arising moral contemporary issue. A brief definition of euthanasia would be the intentional termination of life by another at the explicit request of the person who dies (Netherlands State Commission on Euthanasia). This may look like an only solution to many people whose lives are seemingly wasting away, or have been fully spent. Whether we should let such people die is an argument that is yet to mature. As sincere as this plea may sound, there areRead More Legalizing Voluntary Euthanasia Essay988 Words   |  4 PagesToday, voluntary euthanasia is getting closer to being legalized in more than just one state in the United States. â€Å"‘Voluntary’ euthanasia means that the act of putting the person to death is the end result of the person’s own free will† (Bender 19). â€Å" Voluntary euthanasia is an area worthy of our serious consideration, since it would allow patients who have exhausted all other reasonable options to choose death rather than continue suffering† (Bender 19). The question of whether or not voluntaryRead MoreEuthanasi The Issue Of Legalizing Euthanasia1662 Words   |  7 PagesLegalization of Euthanasia Ata Dogan Student Sheridan College Abstract This paper examines how countries around the world have dealt with euthanasia as an upcoming issue. Looking into the stances, arguments and opinions surrounding the issue of legalizing Euthanasia. It goes into detail about why citizens are requesting legalization and also reviews who are the people specifically that chose to be euthanized. Furthermore, it discusses the negative stance and the positive outcomes of this issue overRead MoreLegalizing Euthanasia And Assisted Suicide1885 Words   |  8 PagesEuthanasia is a subject most people wouldn’t touch at all. Any argument on this subject usually evolves into a series of complex, abstract questions about freedom of choice, morality and so on. There are many reasons to considering legalization of euthanasia/assisted-suicide, reasons that involve hard statistics, evidence and lived experience. Many will argue against euthanasia saying that it is irreversible. Arguing that once a person is gone that we’ll never know if they might have gone on to leadRead MoreEssay Argument For Legalizing Euthanasia2994 Words   |  12 Pages or die peacefully? For some, euthanasia is not an option, but for others it is a way to end their suffering and have a peaceful death. Although some view euthanasia to be morally wrong, voluntary euthanasia should be legalized in the United States to end the suffering of others, help patients who have the ability to live a longer life, and decrease the cost of health care. Euthanasia is an act of killing an incurable patient who is suffering or in pain. Euthanasia comes from a Greek expressionRead More Argumentative Paper: Legalizing Euthanasia1728 Words   |  7 Pagesdeath is a desired alternative to living in agony. Euthanasia has been a topic of debate since antiquity, and both sides stand firm on their beliefs. The right to choose death is illegal in most countries. I believe in people’s freedom to do what they please with their own bodies. The basic right of liberty is what America was founded on. Euthanasia should be a legal option. It’s important to start by understanding the different types of euthanasia. Allowing someone to die is, â€Å"Forgoing or withdrawingRead MoreThe Issue Of Legalizing Voluntary Euthanasia1429 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Euthanasia refers to a practice whereby an act is intentionally carried out with the purpose inducing death . It is usually seen in light of inducing death to patients who are terminally ill or may not be terminally ill but are suffering from unbearable pain . The focus of this paper is on voluntary euthanasia, namely, euthanasia carried out upon the request of a patient deemed competent enough to make such decisions . This paper will argue the importance of legalising voluntary euthanasia toRead MoreEuthanasia Essay - Legalizing Physician Assisted Suicide2312 Words   |  10 PagesLegalizing Physician-Assisted Suicide in Australia First, it is essential to define euthanasia in order to resolve any misconceptions. Euthanasia is the painless killing of a patient suffering from an incurable and painful disease or in an irreversible coma (Oxford dictionaries, 2014). It can be either passive or active however this essay will focus specifically on active euthanasia. Euthanasia is currently illegal in Australia, although it was briefly legal in the northern territory. This essay

Industrial Hemp The Great Debate - 1684 Words

Industrial Hemp The Great Debate Introduction Many knowledgeable people who know and understand the potential of industrial hemp are convinced that it is one of the worlds most perfect products. Its fiber makes rope and cloth which is very strong and resilient and when used to make paper products, the production is far tidier and much more efficient than using wood to make paper. Hemp is indeed considered one of the worlds oldest agricultural products and hemp has a history in the United States that includes the fact that the Declaration of Independence and the original St. James Bible are actually printed on hemp paper. The list of practical uses is lengthy and impressive, but due to drug laws in the United States the growing of cannabis for industrial hemp uses is illegal; this has been a source of considerable controversy in the United States. The uses of industrial hemp and the debate as to whether industrial hemp farming should be allowed in the U.S. will be reviewed and critiqued in this paper. Thesis: This paper takes the position that industrial hemp should be legal in America, because it has been proven useful in myriad applications for many years, because it is not potent for smoking albeit its from the same species, because it could create thousands of jobs, and because in the fight against global warming industrial hemp absorbs four times as much carbon dioxide and can produce as much as four times the fiber than trees can. The Literature on IndustrialShow MoreRelatedEssay on Industrial Hemp for the Future1622 Words   |  7 PagesIndustrial Hemp is an ancient crop, which has a multitude of diverse uses. The earliest uses of Hemp can be traced back to the Sumerians and probably even earlier in man’s unrecorded history. Industrial Hemp is not Marijuana though the two plants are of the same family and have passing resemblance to one another. Industrial Hemp’s myriad uses are being rediscovered and at the forefront of research in diverse fields. I will be attempting to dispel some of the myth, and providing history and provenRead MoreThe Marijuana Of The United States954 Words   |  4 Pageskeep white women as their â€Å"concubines† in their opium dens. In addition, he said, â€Å"The colored people seem to have a weakness for it (cocaine)†¦It produces a kind of temporary insanity. They would just as leave rape a woman as anything else, and a great many of the Southern rape cases have been traced to cocaine.† Whereas, just minutes later in his testimony he rationalized that white professionals â€Å"take morphine to quiet them, and they take cocaine to brace them up.† The first marijuana laws weren’tRead MoreThe Legalization Of Marijuan Marijuana1097 Words   |  5 Pagesregulated or not. The legalization of Marijuana has been a hot political issue for decades due to its potential medical uses and industrial properties. It is a very important and controversial issue in society today. Although many false claims have been made about cannabis in recent history, the truths are slowly starting to resurface. Unfortunately, these truths are under heavy debate due to the stereotypical view of what people view as the typical â€Å"pot smoker.† Before I proceed, however I will like to shareRead MoreIs the Illegalization of Marijuana Valid?1589 Words   |  7 PagesIs The Illegalization of Marijuana Valid? The debate over the legalization of Cannabis sativa, more commonly known as marijuana, has been one of the most heated controversies ever to occur in the United States. Its use as a medicine has existed for thousands of years in many countries world wide and is documented as far back as 2700 BC in ancient Chinese writings. When someone says ganja, cannabis, bung, dope, grass, rasta, or weed, they are talking about the same subject: marijuana. MarijuanaRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legal And Illegal Drugs?872 Words   |  4 Pages Marijuana is one of the most popularly used drugs in the world, and is growing in popularity every year because of the fact that it has great potential for medical use, is relatively harmless compared to other legal and illegal drugs, and can be used to create practical household items. It is popular with many groups as a recreational drug, but recent research has suggested that marijuana can be very useful in medical applications. It contains chemicals that affect the central nervous systemRead More The Cannabis Debate Essay5766 Words   |  24 PagesThe Cannabis Debate The Federal Government of the United States doesnt condone the use of marijuana and any schedule I drugs at the present time, which is any substance that has no current medical use and is a mind altering drug. Under new circumstances in California and Arizona, there is a temporary Bill that has been passed legalizing the schedule I drug for medical use, known as Act 215: Medical use limited to cancer patients and individuals with the disease glaucoma. Individuals that areRead MoreLegalization of Marijuana Essay1426 Words   |  6 Pagespublished more than 100 papers in the Western medical literature suggesting its use for a variety of disorder. These disorders include nausea, glaucoma, pain relief and movement disorders. Marijuana is also known to help stimulate appetite which is great for HIV/AIDS patients or cancer patients going through chemotherapy. The next thing to take into account is the effect marijuana has on the body. Many people believe that marijuana kills brain cells and also causes depression. Recent studies showRead More The Medicinal, Industrial, Recreational, and Commercial Uses of Marijuana2586 Words   |  11 PagesThe Medicinal, Industrial, Recreational, and Commercial Uses of Marijuana Penalties against possession of a drug should not be more damaging to the individual than the use of the drug itself said President Jimmy Carter in a message to Congress in 1977 (Family Council on Drug Awareness). Unfortunately, congress did not and has not listened to him. Even though numerous government-sponsored studies have proven that the use of the cannabis plant is safe and has many benefits, it is still illegalRead MoreMarijuana Position Paper - Pro Legalization3633 Words   |  15 Pagesjournalism and corrupt legislators. These laws were not only crafted on false premises but for the wrong reasons as well, and the time for change is ever drawing more near. Marijuana should be legalized in America because it has a positive history of industrial use around the world, the laws were crafted on false pretenses, prohibition is a waste of taxpayer money and Marijuana could also provide relief to patients with debilitating diseases. Cannabis is a species of flowering plants that includesRead MorePros and Cons of Legalising Marijuana1126 Words   |  5 Pagesin modern-day society for both recreational use and for medication. The article by Craig Reinarman, ‘Criminalisation, legalisation and the mixed blessing of medicalisation in the USA’ generates many controversial issues of cannabis. The two-sided debate between embracing medical use of the drug through the therapeutic benefits and the link between cannabis and psychosis is explored. This issues also stems the question of the legitimacy of legalisation and criminalisation of cannabis and how key

Competitive Strategy of Amazon and Apple Inc-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Competitive Strategy of Amazon and Apple Inc. Answer: Amazon Amazon is an e-commerce site which is the largest retailer in the world based on the internet with respect to sales and market capitalization. Any type of business cannot continue to function in the same way forever. As the time changes the conditions of the business have also been restructured and the strategies are planned for keeping their business on track. So here, lets have a quick look at how the business of the firm Amazon has restructured their business strategies for expanding as the biggest online retailer and this is the reason why I have selected this company since it is excelling in its respective field at present in the market (Huo et al., 2014). The generic corporate strategy of Amazon can be defined as the concentric diversification. This strategy of the firm is mainly based on leveraging the capabilities of technology for the success of the business and it also follows the cost leadership strategy which is aimed at offering the supreme value to their customers at the lowest price along with wrapping their business around the customer so that they find Amazon as the first go-to the portal site if choosing to shop online. However, the strategy that is chosen by Amazon has paid off well for them as it can be noticed from the fact that it is the largest online retailer all over the world and constantly it has been the leader in the market place in which ever it is operating (Acquaah Agyapong, 2015). Amazon is considered to be one of the leaders that are pushing innovative new models in the business. Firstly, it has created the online market for bookstore by focusing on the long range selection at low pricing later it has expa nded the site with various other products. A small merchant marketplace has been added by them, later, which eventually grew and started giving new and used offerings apart from their own and some of the competitive offerings are also fulfilled (Jayawardhana Weerawardena, 2014). With Amazon web services they have expanded their core capabilities of infrastructure into a separate platform. With the help of the Kindle, it has given the chance of downloading the digital book. Amazon requires expanding globally in order to grow quickly and for actualizing the scales of the economy along with the leveraging synergies. In doing so it has to do the CAGE framework for international trading in a comprehensive manner. Although the current business model of Amazon is catering the needs of the global audience as a part of cultural and geographic segments it has to setup the local portals in those particular countries where ever it wants to expand. For example, at present Amazon is having some dedicated portals in most of the countries along with India, while this kind of model can be followed by the organization in various other countries as well (Block et al., 2015). In addition to this for doing CAGE framework, Glocal approach should be adopted by it where ever the fundamental global delivery model has been adapted as per the local conditions, hence representing the merging of both local and global or Glocal (Mitra, 2016). Apple Inc. Apple is a multinational organization which is involved in designing, developing and selling the consumer electronics, online services, and computer software. Everyone is aware that Apple is the company that is most valuable in the whole world (Parnell, Long Lester, 2015). This organization not only has the largest market cap, but for the first time, it also has got the largest sales, highest profits, and assets when compared with the biggest technology companies in the world. This is the reason why I have selected Apple Inc. as the example company for discussing the business strategies, CAGE framework, and business model innovation methods that are adapted by this firm. The business strategy that is followed by Apple can be characterized as the vertical integration as the company is having the advanced technical expertise in hardware, software, and services altogether at the same time. The major factor that has set Apple from the competition is the adoption of vertical integration as it was benefiting them from all the aspects. As per the business strategy of Apple Inc., it has adapted the advanced capabilities and features with respect to its services and products on the basis of competitive advantage. The list of business model innovations that have been introduced by Apple Inc. includes the introduction of iPad which is the first device made for storing thousands of songs, the first computer with graphical user interface and the launching of the iMac (Walker Madsen, 2016). In the market, Apple iTunes such as an iPod is not the first product to purchase music online from them, but the innovated model of business for selling more iPods it has been enabled by downloading a single song for 99 cents and apart from this all the restrictions for listening has been removed which were there previously. The other new innovative model was with the iPhone and App Store but not in the form of products first, but it has created an app ecosystem which was to manage external to the mobile operators (Wright, 2014). This was done to sell a number of iPhones. The CAGE framework analysis for international trading has been absolutely followed by Apple Inc. by exploring the culture and geographical system in the respective countries. The international trade has been designed as the part of the business strategy where it has classified it as the product differentiation with regards to functionality and designing (Parnell, Long Lester, 2015). The business strategy of Apple also includes structuring and expanding its business in retail and online stores along with the distribution network of third party associates for reaching more number of cust omers effectively and also providing high-quality sales, in addition, to support experience after sales to them. Apple has continued in expanding its platform as a part of its business strategy and business model innovation in the discovery and delivery of the digital content and applications of the third party with the help of iTunes store. An expansion of organization in international markets through CAGE framework intensively is another important aspect of its place in the market. As per the strategic framework of Apple, it has created an ecosystem of switching costs for its customers internationally. References Acquaah, M. and Agyapong, A., 2015. The relationship between competitive strategy and firm performance in micro and small businesses in Ghana: The moderating role of managerial and marketing capabilities. Africa Journal of Management, 1(2), pp.172-193. Block, J.H., Kohn, K., Miller, D. and Ullrich, K., 2015. Necessity entrepreneurship and competitive strategy. Small Business Economics, 44(1), pp.37-54. Jayawardhana, K. and Weerawardena, J., 2014. Conceptualizing the Role of Market Learning in Social Innovation-Based Competitive Strategy. Huo, B., Qi, Y., Wang, Z. and Zhao, X., 2014. The impact of supply chain integration on firm performance: The moderating role of competitive strategy. Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, 19(4), pp.369-384. Mitra, S., 2016. Models to explore remanufacturing as a competitive strategy under duopoly. Omega, 59, pp.215-227. Parnell, J.A., Long, Z. and Lester, D., 2015. Competitive strategy, capabilities and uncertainty in small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) in China and the United States. Management Decision, 53(2), pp.402-431. Walker, G. and Madsen, T.L., 2016. Modern competitive strategy. McGraw-Hill Education. Wright, S. ed., 2014. Competitive intelligence, analysis and strategy: Creating organisational agility. Routledge.

Racial Discrimination in America

Introduction Racial discrimination is unfair treatment of individual/s because of the difference in color, origin and ethnicity. Racial discrimination has persisted in the US and all other parts in the world; it is a major challenge in the US. In Queensland, there is a law against discrimination. Racial discrimination denies the people discriminated against many opportunities that they otherwise have enjoyed (Flinders University 1)Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Racial Discrimination in America specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More African Americans, Hispanic Americans, Native Americans and Asian Americans have been affected by institutional and individual racism. This discrimination is as a result of some Americans relating ability to race. Some believe that the whites have greater potential and ability. This is therefore displayed by the way they treat people (Randall 1). Racism occurs in many ways: it can be between those that are staying together or neighbors or it can also be by teachers, employee or student (Flinders University 1). Racism comes in different forms. The main three forms are individual racism, institutional racism and cultural racism. Individual racism is when individual or group discriminates and treats people of different race in an unfair manner. Institutional racism is encountered through institutions by their policies; this can be either knowingly or unknowingly. Cultural racism is discrimination on the basis of a person’s values, beliefs and cultural practices. This essay will discuss in details the meaning of racial discrimination or racism. The essay will also discuss the effects of racism and how it influences people in the society. The law and regulations including the measures that the governments should take will also be included in this essay. The reference society is the USA thus this paper examines the racial discrimination in America. History of Racism in US United States is made up of different people. Originally, it was made up people from Asia and Europe. There were also slaves from Africa and Native Americans. US is the most immigrated place with many people from all over the world (Anti discrimination Commission Queensland 1). In 1920, there was the great threat of racism. The non Protestants Catholics and Jews Orientals and black population were the first victims to suffer discrimination. This was because Americans had values that they never wanted to change. The Americans subjected those they discriminated against, to hard labor in poor working conditions. It is said that the Americans did not like the new language and thus that acted as a basis for discrimination (Anti discrimination Commission Queensland 1). In 1920s the US formed an organization to restrict immigration. The Immigration Restriction League had said that the immigrants from South East Europe were inferior and were about to decrease the supremacy o f the US (Anti discrimination Commission Queensland 1).Advertising Looking for research paper on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The US population also used abusive and hatred language referring to the immigrants. They used some nick names that were evidence of their hatred to the non Americans. Those from Latin background were referred to as Spic. Italians were referred to as Dogo, Guinea and Grease. Kike, Chink, Polack and Hun were also used together with many others (Racial Discrimination in America During the 1920’s 1). In 1917 there was Bolshevik revolution.US reacted towards it. There was a belief that the Europeans were going to take over US. This was known as Red Scare. The Europeans were holding many riots and strikes in the labor force. This cost the Europeans a lot of suffering. Just after this the justice department organized for their arrest and they arrested about 6000 people. They raided their homes to get hold of the so called anarchists and communists (Racial Discrimination in America During the 1920’s 1). The raids were named after the attorney general of that time Mitchell Palmer who had planned for them. America was filled with fear of losing its power and consequently immigration restricted. Even those in the rural areas believed that the law was right since the immigrants wanted to change their way of life (Racial Discrimination in America During the 1920’s 1). This was followed by enforcing laws to regulate immigration. In 1921 they drew a line of 3% immigration. In 1924 Johnson Reed Act was stricter to the terms and conditions of this law. The Americans had become so negative towards immigrants that it become evident in the judicial system, for instance, two Italians were sentenced to death for stealing from a pay master. This was too much punishment for such a crime (Racial Discrimination in America During the 1920’s 1). In 1920s the U S government did not consider the aliens in its effort to reduce poverty. Even the president then kept a low profile on the issue immigrant discrimination. The US did its best to fight the minorities and advocated for 100% Americanism (Racial Discrimination in America During the 1920’s 1). Ku Klux Klan organization was then formed to fight and protect American Protestants from foreign influences. This organization targeted the Catholics and the Jews. They used a burning cross as their symbol. The group grew instantly and got revenues from the profits that were made from membership, regalia, costumes and rituals. They used force to have pure Americans in the nation. Murder, threats and intimidation were their main tactics. The Ku Klux Klan Lynched blacks in Southern America. Their means was to look for offences, mostly the minor crimes so as to get more victims (Chronicle 1).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Racial Discrimination in America speci fically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Discrimination was even experienced at the workplaces whereby the immigrants were only allowed to take the lowest paid jobs which at the same time were the most tiring ones. It is noted that the blacks were especially very handy in the farm jobs and generally the American society did not like the immigrants and went to all levels to discriminate the blacks and the colored people including the native Indians from public and social places (Chronicle 1). Jews were also discriminated in the education sector. This was because they were seen to be succeeding well in their jobs. The US therefore said that it was not problem to work with the Jews, but it was serious problem to socialize with them since Americans Racism in the 21st Century was mainly between blacks and whites. As a result the Catholics came together and formed a separate high school athletic conference. This however was not allowed into the system u ntil 1966 under forced legislation (Chronicle 1). 1920s was mainly the time when there was racism carried out on a large scale against the minorities. The discrimination that was in existence before this was nurtured such that its effects were strongly felt (Chronicle 1). The whites in the US are to blame for the existing racism at the present time. They are the ones who allowed slavery and later on formulated and implemented policies that were discriminative (Robinson 1). Racial Discrimination against Native Americans Native Americans were harshly affected by racism. The Native Americans occupied US before the colonial era. The US made a lot of effort to get most of North American land. Their strategy involved use or mistreatment people. They targeted food, massacres, forced displacement and imposition of treaties. Those who survived were given only 4% of the land that was taken away from them by US. The natives signed treaties with the US but they were later violated (Chronicle 1) . Native Americans have been discriminated even in health centers. Concerning the Native Americans, Giago wrote, â€Å"It goes, first you apply, and then they deny and hope you will die. This has a special meaning to Americans† (Giago 1). Many Americans surprisingly are not aware of the situation. From research it has been seen that American Indians and Alaskan Natives earn very low income. It is also a concern that these people receive the lowest education and therefore have the least people who get college degrees despite their distinctive status. They have also been seen to have the highest rate of people who are living below the poverty line. In addition there are many incidences of accidental deaths as well as suicides (Adams 62). Racial discrimination is heavily felt in social institutions such as occupation, health, education, police and legal systems. The situation is more serious in urban areas. Lack of jobs has made the situation worse because many have lost their s ocial network (Adams 62). The federal rules to distinguish between the Native Americans had been used strictly to eliminate the mixed blood from the privileges. The aim then was to promote and maintain the supremacy of the US (Adams 64).Advertising Looking for research paper on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Racial Discrimination against the Black population Initially racism was known to be against the blacks. About 11% of the American population is black population. Firstly, the Negroes were deprived of their right to vote consequently they thus denied the right to political influence. The blacks were only given the most despised jobs and hardest jobs which were available. At present the majority of the unemployed populations are blacks. The public places were not accessible to majority of the blacks. It was not allowed for the whites and blacks to go to the same school or eat from the same table. It was also not common to travel in the same train. (Tse-tung 1) The hatred against the blacks was so deep that racist organizations were formed to fight the blacks. The most popular organization was the Ku Klux Klan. The Ku Klux Klan organized and killed many Negroes. The Negroes were harassed by authorities and blamed for committing crimes which they never committed. They were consequently beaten and treated unfairly by the authorities who were supposed to protect them. They therefore received no justice and did not enjoy the rights that were supposed to be provided by the government (Tse-tung 1). Back in 1957 the black population was living under wave of lack of education. This was because the authorities had denied the black children access public schools. The black population later on expressed their agony because of racism and held demonstrations trying to change the situation. This was to support their quest for the right to access shops, restaurants and many public places. (Tse-tung 1) Their efforts to fight for freedom led to formation of a group, which was known as freedom riders in 1960. In 1962, many of the Negroes died as they fought for right to be educated: this was in Mississippi. In 1963, many Negroes were arrested in groups as they held meetings and parades whose theme was to fight racial discrimination. Mr. Medgo Evers met his death since he was leadi ng the group at Mississippi. The Negroes then formed an association known as American Negro Association that conducted a freedom march at Washington (Tse-tung 1) In 1997, the Black Women’s Health Study conducted a research on the population of women with breast cancer. They found out that those who had breast cancer were mostly the ones who were experiencing some form of discrimination. Stress due to discrimination is usually related with somatic disease. Most of the blacks had gone through discriminative experiences. They complained of difficulties in accessing jobs, housing or education (Taylor et al. 1). Other research is being done to determine the association of hypertension with the increase cases of discrimination in black Americans. In a number of past years the psychological effects have been shown to have an effect on breast cancer. Women experiencing psychological stress are more likely to have breast cancer. A research based on the association between breast cance r and stress of work showed that there was no relationship between the two (Taylor et al. 1). The black descendants in America lacked anyone to listen to their cry. They did not have any political influence. Comparing their population of 150 million with that of indigenous Americans of 40 million it is ironical that they have very little to say in the matters affecting them. Impacts of Racial Discrimination Degradation of Mental Health Racial discrimination has been associated with deterioration of mental health. Research has shown that black Americans have had a lot of problems with their mental wellness. This is mainly affected by their environmental conditions of which they experience on every day basis. They are also vulnerable because of the nature of work they do and the little wages they get out of it. This will then translate into a kind of lifestyle they will be able to live and even the food that they are able to afford. Statistics show that the Black Americans are mostly stressed than the whites. Reports have shown that about 75% of the blacks have experienced discrimination (Viklunds 1). Mental deterioration has a negative impact even to the economy of the country. This is because these potential people are locked up in a place that they cannot help themselves. They are not given a favorable environment to exploit their talents (Viklunds 1). Racism and Violence Racism has also led to fights and hatred. Violence directed even to children at times has been caused by hostile neighbors and the leaders of the land and the authorities. Europe has been seen to have a lot of racism amongst children where violence has broken out against the ones being discriminated (United Nations 6). Racism is also seen in prisons. From statistics in 2005 blacks were arrested three times as whites. Death sentences were four times in blacks than in whites (Peoples Daily 1). Racism and Suicide Racism has been associated with many suicides. It has been a common thin for the N ative Americans to commit suicide. Though they are only about 1% of the US population, the male’s deaths due to suicide has been on the increase. It is mostly common to those who work in the government. These suicides are by use of fire arms and the percentage is about 60%. Research from Centre for Injury Prevention and Control has shown that most of these suicides are as a result of social inequalities (Kendall 21). Racism and Education In education, there has been great discrimination mostly to the children. These innocent children suffer in different ways. There is also discrimination of accessing education. Schools with the best facilities are only for the rich where those discriminated cannot afford. This has a negative impact on these children as they will find it very hard to raise their standards of living (Kamali 5). The case of education discrimination on race or color basis was noted by CERD and the Committee on the Rights of children. Education discrimination can also take another form which is use of books and statements that have a negative implication towards a certain race. This will make the children to grow with a negative attitude towards the race which is negatively referred to. The teachers and how they teach the children tend to affect the minds of the pupils. This is because at a tender age one is able to learn something that will remain forever in their minds (United Nations 5) Failure of the government to address the issue of racial discrimination has been the main contributing factor to racial discrimination. This is because it is the authorities who are supposed to be at the front line to stop racial discrimination. The failure of the government to formulate and implement strict policies to stop racism has caused it to be persistent. Schools, for instance, have been victims of racism, yet there are no rules and regulations to protect the children and those who work the hardest for the betterment of the US (United Nations 7). T here is also failure to provide the necessary materials and education to the teachers. This has caused employment of teachers without knowledge or information on the negative impact of racism. Neglect of education to the minorities has led to many potential professionals being denied a chance to develop. Racial Discrimination in Children In addition, there are no adequate finances for the minority children to access better facilities. The minorities work very hard but they are not able to afford best education and yet there is no financial assistance that is offered to them. When children are discriminated at a tender age, their character is shaped in a negative way. Firstly it makes them to perform poorly in school. The discouragement they get due to poor performance may cause majority to refuse schooling at a young age (United Nations 8) The minority children are also shown to have lower school attendance than the other children. Lack of quality education in schools has caused chi ldren to have a lower level in the society in their adulthood. This is because of lack of good f foundation in education (United Nations 9) Racial discrimination in children moulds their character. It makes them to tolerate racism and accept it. The result is that they will grow and live like that with them also discriminating the other new people that may get into the nation. The repeated action between generations makes racism to persist and take roots in the society (United Nations 9) Racial discrimination may have a permanent effect that almost become impossible to reverse. Racial discrimination may lead to loss of certain cultures. Those non respected minorities may want to deny their origin in order to fit into a certain group and to find acceptance in the society. This way, culture diversity reduces and even the good cultures and practices by minorities are forgotten gradually. The result is that they become extinct or uncommon. The language of a certain group can end because the subsequent generations shy from learning the language because of the negativity associated with it. At the end there will be no one or just a few to speak their language (United Nations10). Psychological problems also come as a result of racial discrimination. This is because the children are in need of a name and identity and they become aware that their culture or their color is not liked by the majority. They become unconfident and may not live as themselves but live an imposed life because of the circumstances around them. Impact on Employment Racial discrimination has a negative impact on the field of employment. It is in both children and adults. In children it is seen when the children are employed at a young age also known as child labor. This has been seen, for example, in Mexico. Many under 18 children in 1999 were known to have worked in the agricultural sector in Mexico (United Nations 12). There is also discrimination of minority employees. They work under poor wor king conditions. They are also exploited in that they get least wages and that they are given those jobs involving a lot of physical activity and energy. The minority employees are therefore treated badly. Instead of performance criteria of promotions, most people from the minority communities work so hard but never get any reward or promotion. In addition, there are cases where the minorities’ employments have been unjustly terminated without good reasons (United Nations 12). Racial Discrimination and poverty Racial discrimination has been a source of poverty to the minority. When they are not able to get quality education, they end up getting the worst jobs without good salaries. Since they earn a little, their children also fall into the same trap because they will not be able to provide good education to them. There is a repeated status of lack which makes poverty to persist among the minorities and hence become a vicious cycle (United Nations 14). The behavior of the emp loyers to avoid employing the minorities cause them to always lack good jobs and therefore vulnerable to poverty. Sexual Exploitation Racial discrimination has gone as far as more than economic gain. Sexual exploitation has been noted on the basis of race. CRC found out that children trafficking had become common for sexual and economic purpose. The denial of social rights subjects these people to lose confidence in them (United Nations Cyber School 1). Steps to stop Racial Discrimination Racial Discrimination can be stopped only if everyone takes responsibility. It must involve individuals and community as whole. Information is the best tool to fight against racial discrimination. What people say should be positive towards other races. Use of arts to promote cohesion among people of different colors and origin can also be of great use. Participation in global network is also important as it will help one to understand the values of other cultures and focus on the positive. People s hould also learn how to free from racism even at the international level (United Nations Cyber School 1). At personal level it is important to be well informed on other cultures before discriminating against them. This can be promoted by reading of newspapers, magazines, books and watching movies. One should have friends affiliated to different cultures. Keeping a social circle which consists of people of similar cultural affiliations makes it possible for racial discrimination to be well propagated. Simple statements that may be discriminative should be completely avoided (United Nations Cyber School 1). Making and performing drama concerts for example in schools can offer an excellent learning that can promote to the shaping of children’s attitude towards other races. The drama concerts should be drawn from the society and should communicate love and cohesion across the different races (United Nations Cyber School 1). Community development programs should promote discussion s and sharing across the races. Education programs area a good platform for the exercise where people can learn about each other. Policies that are made by the United Nations should be practiced. Everyone should know that everyone is a human being in spite of their race. These include: The right to freedom of movement and residence within the border of the state; The right to leave any country, including ones own, and to return to ones country; The right to nationality; The right to marriage and choice of spouse; The right to own property alone as well as in association with others; The right of freedom of thought, conscience and religion; The right of freedom of opinion and expression; and The right of freedom of peaceful assembly and association. (United Nations Cyber School 1) Legal perspective of Racial Discrimination The United States has two judicial systems which are state and federal. The State has city, county and trial courts. The Federal court system came after the US got a constitution. The federal has ninety seven federal district courts. When the constitution was introduced in the United States, it had a major interest of White male citizens only. The representatives per state were only from the whites while all others were excluded. Even the non whites were not counted as the government was calculating the number of persons per state. Article IV of section 3 read: No person held to service or labor in one state, under the laws thereof, escaping into another, shall, in consequence of any law or regulation therein, be discharged from such service or labor, but shall be delivered up on claim of the party to whom such service or labor may be due. (Flake 1) The above law was an opening to slavery which lasted until 1865. From 1868; non white Americans got a right to citizenship. From this constitution there was evidence of racism. Later on, amendments were made to eliminate all forms of discrimination including race, religion and servitude (Flake 1). The US’s Current Fight against Racism The United States has put up some laws to bring down the level of racism. These laws are known as Anti- Racial Discrimination Laws. These laws are from a social legal perspective. They are made because in some countries racism has become common until it has brought tension to the citizens. As a result the government formulates rules and regulations to govern the country in a manner that will discourage racial discrimination (Solanke 1). The US law seeks to eliminate racism in both domestic and international level (Randall 1). The US law has given a right to housing to all races through the Fair Housing Act of 1968 and Equal Credit Opportunity Act (ECOA) OF 1974. These laws support all the races and give an equal opportunity to own a house as well as to sell and buy real estates (Solanke 1). From recent elections in the US, President Barack Obama marked a new time and generation in US. It has been significant since it shows that the white Americans now believe in the ability of other races and especially (Chelala 1). In the past the federal government was the one that promoted racism. The same government is now working against racial discrimination in the housing sector. The level of effectiveness in implementation varies with an area and time. There are also laws that guard the minority in other sector including insurance and the lending market (The Webbler 1). Those who break the rules at any level e. g. individual, institutional or cultural should be answerable for their actions. Currently, the government of the United States is regulated by the international experts on how it treats American Indians, Blacks, Latinos and the rest of racial minorities (Rizvi 1). So far much have been done though not every idea has been achieved. The new constitution clearly indicates that people should not be discriminated under whichever grounds. The education system is being streamlined to allow all to have an equal opportunity (Taylor 1.); an evidence of an attempt to have everybody have an equal opportunity is seen through the implementation if the No Child Left Behind Act. Since racism is both a moral and political issue, the US government should take maximum responsibility to ensure that all Americans enjoy equal rights regardless of their color (Popular issues 1). The laws and the rules are not enough. The most important thing is to love everyone as human beings. This is referred to as making a color blind society that des not judge according to one’s color (Skillen 1). Conclusion Racial discrimination is wrong. It degrades other human beings on the basis of their appearance and not their ability. It does not profit but only bring loss and suffering to the victims. In health, education and society people should work towards eliminating racial discrimination. This should be at both personal and community level. The government should also work towards the same by introducing effective policies to wards racism. The government should also ensure that they are followed without fail and that implementation has occurred in every part of the nation. Works Cited Adams, Maurianne. Readings for diversity and social justice. New York: Routledge, 2000. Print. Anti Discrimination Commission Queensland. Race. Anti Discrimination Commission Queensland, 2003. Web. http://www.adcq.qld.gov.au/pubs/racial.html Chelala, Cesar. Is Racism Still Alive in America? Common Dreams, 2010. Web. http://www.commondreams.org/view/2010/04/02-7 Chronicle. Background on Racial Discrimination. Do Something, 2011. Web. http://www.dosomething.org/tipsandtools/background-racial-discrimination Flake, Monk. Racism. Discrimination and Law, 2011. Web. http://www.yale.edu/ynhti/curriculum/units/1994/1/94.01.02.x.html Flinders University. Prevent Racial Discrimination. Flinders University, 2008. Web. http://www.flinders.edu.au/equal-opportunity/tools_resources/publications/racial-discrimination.cfm Giago, Tim. Native American Veterans claim discrimination by VA in South Dakota. Huffington, 2011. Web. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/tim-giago/native-american-veterans_b_516259.html Kamali, Mosoud. Racial discrimination: institutional patterns and politics. New York: Taylor Francis, 2009. Print. Kendall, Diana. Sociology in our Times: The Essentials. New York: Cengage Learning. Print. Labuda, Patyrk. The problem of Race Discrimination in Housing from a Comparative Perspective. CJEL, 2009. Web. http://www.cjel.net/online/15_2-labuda/ Peoples Daily. Racial Discrimination in U.S. People’s Daily, 2006. Web. http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/200603/09/eng20060309_249225.html Popular Issues. Racism in America. All About, 2011. Web. http://www.allaboutpopularissues.org/racism-in-america-faq.htm Racial Discrimination in America During the 1920’s. Racial Discrimination. Help, 2011. Web. http://www.123helpme.com/view.asp?id=23257 Randall. Racism. Institutional Racism, 2001. Web. http://academic. udayton.edu/race/ Rizvi, Haider. Rights-US: U.N Panel finds Two- Tier Society. Global Research, 2008. Web. http://www.globalresearch.ca/index.php?context=vaaid=8584 Robinson, Steve. Reverse racism hurts America. Orient, 2009. Web. http://orient.bowdoin.edu/orient/article.php?date=2009-05-01section=2id=6 Skillen, James. Public Justice. CP Justice, 2003. Web. http://www.cpjustice.org/stories/storyReader$938 Solanke, James. A comparative History of social Action and Anti Racial Discrimination Law. UK News, 2009. Web. http://www2.lse.ac.uk/newsAndMedia/publications/books/BookArchivesHome.aspx Taylor et al. Racial Discrimination and Breast Cancer Incidence in US Black Women. Medscape, 2007. Web. http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/559768 Taylor, Keenga. Civil rights and civil wrongs: Racism in America today. IS Review, 2003. Web. http://www.isreview.org/issues/32/racism.shtml The Webbler. World directory of Minorities. Minority Rights, 2009. Web. http://www.minorityrights.org/?lid=2611tm pl=printpage Tse-TUNG. Oppose Radical Discrimination by U.S Imperialism. Marxist, 1963. Web. http://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/mao/selected-works/volume-9/mswv9_04.htm United Nations Cyber School. Positive steps against racial discrimination. Cyber School, 2011. Web. http://cyberschoolbus.un.org/discrim/race_c_print.asp United Nations. General Assembly. UN, 2000. Web. http://www.unhchr.ch/Huridocda/Huridoca.nsf/TestFrame/34000d87a9ba18e0802568cd00332053?Opendocumentss Viklunds. The Depressing Effects of Racial Discrimination. The Situanist, 2009. Web. http://thesituationist.wordpress.com/2009/06/23/the-depressing-effects-of-racial-discrimination/ This research paper on Racial Discrimination in America was written and submitted by user Anahi G. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

A And P By Updike Essays - AP, , Term Papers

A And P By Updike In the story "A&P," by John Updike, the main character Sammy makes the leap from an adolescent, knowing little more about life than what he has learned working at the local grocery store, into a man prepared for the rough road that lies ahead. As the story begins, Sammy is nineteen and has no real grasp for the fact that he is about to be living on his own working to support himself. Throughout the course of the story, he changes with a definite step into, first, a young man realizing that he must get out of the hole he is in and further into a man, who has a grasp on reality looking forward to starting his own family. In the beginning, Sammy is but a youth growing up learning what he knows about life in small town grocery store. His role models include, Stokesie, the twenty-two year-old, supporting a family doing the same job Sammy does yet aspiring to one day have the manager's position, and Lengel, the store manager who most certainly started out in the same place that Stokesie and he were already in. Stoksie, the great role model, continues to be as adolescent as Sammy, with his "Oh, Daddy, I feel so faint," and even Sammy sees this noting that "as far as I can tell that's the only difference (between he and I)." Sammy whittles away his days looking at pretty girls and thinking about the ways of people. He hardly realizes that this is how he will spend his entire existence if he doesn't soon get out of this job. During this day that will prove to change his life, he makes the step towards his realization. He decides that he doesn't want to spend the rest of his life working at an A&P competing for the store manager's position. Sammy thinks to himself about his parent's current social class and what they serve at cocktail parties. And, in turn, he thinks about what he will be serving, if he stays at the A&P, "When my parents have somebody over they get lemonade and if it's a real racy affair Schlitz in tall glasses with ?They'll Do It Every Time' cartoons stenciled on." He must get out and the sooner the better. He is still just an adolescent who hasn't completely thought through his decision and yet his mind is made up. He quits his job using the girls merely as an excuse to get out. His final journey to manhood is a short one. He looks around for his girls and notices that they have already left, but he knew that was a futile cause to begin with. And he steps outside to see the world and its opportunities as well as its responsibilities in front of him. Although, Sammy could see "how hard the world would be hereafter," he knew that what was done had to be done. In hindsight, Sammy still knew he had done the right thing as shown by "Now here comes the sad part of the story...but I don't think it's so sad myself."

Discover the Code-Breaking History of the Rosetta Stone

Discover the Code-Breaking History of the Rosetta Stone The Rosetta Stone, which is housed in the British Museum, is a black, possibly basalt slab with three languages on it (Greek, demotic and hieroglyphs) each saying the same thing. Because the words are translated into the other languages, it provided Jean-Francois Champollion the key to the mystery of Egyptian hieroglyphs. Discovery of the Rosetta Stone Discovered at Rosetta (Raschid) in 1799, by Napoleons army, the Rosetta Stone proved the key to deciphering Egyptian hieroglyphs. The person who found it was Pierre Francois-Xavier Bouchards, a French officer of engineers. It was sent to the Institut dEgypte in Cairo and then taken to London in 1802. Rosetta Stone Content The British Museum describes the Rosetta Stone as a priestly decree affirming the cult of 13-year-old Ptolemy V. The Rosetta Stone tells of an agreement between Egyptian priests and the pharaoh on March 27, 196 B.C. It names honors bestowed on Macedonian Pharaoh Ptolemy V Epiphanes. After praising the pharaoh for his generosity, it describes the siege of Lycopolis and the kings good deeds for the temple. The text continues with its main purpose: establishing a cult for the king. Related Meaning for the Term Rosetta Stone The name Rosetta Stone is now applied to just about any type of key used to unlock a mystery. Even more familiar may be a popular series of computer-based language-learning programs using the term Rosetta Stone as a registered trademark. Among its growing list of languages is Arabic, but, alas, no hieroglyphs. Physical Description of the Rosetta Stone From the Ptolemaic Period, 196 B.C.Height: 114.400 cm (max.)Width: 72.300 cmThickness: 27.900 cmWeight: about 760 kilograms (1,676 lb.). Location of the Rosetta Stone Napoleons army found the Rosetta Stone, but they surrendered it to the British who, led by Admiral Nelson, had defeated the French at the Battle of the Nile. The French capitulated to the British at Alexandria in 1801 and as terms of their surrender, handed over the artifacts they had unearthed, chiefly the Rosetta Stone and a sarcophagus traditionally (but subject to dispute) attributed to Alexander the Great. The British Museum has housed the Rosetta Stone since 1802, except for the years 1917-1919 when it was temporarily moved underground to prevent possible bomb damage. Prior to its discovery in 1799, it had been in the town of el-Rashid (Rosetta), in Egypt. Languages of the Rosetta Stone The Rosetta Stone is inscribed in 3 languages: Demotic (the everyday script, used to write documents),Greek (the language of Ionian Greeks, an administrative script), andHieroglyphs (for priestly business). Deciphering the Rosetta Stone No one could read hieroglyphs at the time of the discovery of the Rosetta Stone, but scholars soon pieced out a few phonetic characters in the demotic section, which, by comparison with the Greek, were identified as proper names. Soon proper names in the hieroglyphic section were identified because they were circled. These circled names are called cartouches. Jean-Francois Champollion (1790-1832) was said to have learned enough Greek and Latin by the time he was 9-years-old to read Homer and Vergil (Virgil). He studied Persian, Ethiopic, Sanskrit, Zend, Pahlevi, and Arabic, and worked on a Coptic dictionary by the time he was 19. Champollion finally found the key to translating the Rosetta Stone in 1822, published in Lettre M. Dacier.

UK Coffee Industry Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

UK Coffee Industry - Case Study Example Dominance of instant coffee is attributed to a combination of aggressive marketing and branding campaigns by brand manufacturers, as well as the price consciousness and brand loyalty characteristic of coffee drinkers. However, instant coffee growth rates lag behind ground and roast, increasing only by 11.1% from 2003-2005, compared to 13.6% for the latter, which can be attributed to the development of new pod technologies and the decreasing prices of coffee machines, which allows consumers greater convenience in home brewing; and the prevalence of repertoire drinkers2, indicating an increase in consumers drinking both instant and ground coffee. The market is also highly segmented with distinct divisions in terms of age groups, geography, and consumer behaviour. Demographically, consumption increases with age as majority of heavy coffee drinkers in both sectors found among the 35-64 groups, with 76% drinking instant coffee and about 43% drinking instant exclusively. With respect to ground coffee, consumption is concentrated in more affluent regions of the country, indicating price consciousness among drinkers. Only a few manufacturers do... Base: adults aged 15+ All users % Heavy users % Medium users % Light users % Non-users % All 76.1 37.1 25.1 13.2 23.9 Men 75.6 38.0 24.4 12.6 24.4 Women 76.6 36.3 25.8 13.7 23.4 15-24 52.2 20.2 20.0 11.5 47.8 25-34 73.1 35.1 22.7 14.8 26.9 35-44 78.3 42.8 21.1 14.0 21.7 45-54 81.7 43.9 23.7 13.4 18.3 55-64 85.1 44.9 25.7 13.7 14.9 65+ 84.4 35.8 35.8 11.9 15.6 Taken from the TGI survey of around 25,000 adults (Source: Mintel 2006) table 3: Usage of fresh ground coffee, by demographic sub-group, 2005 Base: adults aged 15+ All users % Heavy users % Medium users % Light users % Non-users % All 36.4 8.2 11.2 16.1 63.6 Men 36.5 9.5 10.9 15.3 63.5 Women 36.3 7.0 11.6 16.9 63.7 15-24 23.8 3.6 7.6 11.1 76.2 25-34 34.5 7.2 10.8 16.0 65.5 35-44 40.0 8.9 12.4 18.0 60.0 45-54 42.7 10.1 13.1 19.2 57.3 55-64 41.5 10.6 13.0 17.4 58.5 65+ 35.6 8.8 10.5 15.1 64.4 Taken from the TGI survey of around 25,000 adults (Source: Mintel 2006) Only a few manufacturers dominate the coffee market. For instant coffee, the market is dominated by Nestl (56%) through its Nescaf Original Blend (33%) and Gold Blend (15%) - the two highest-selling brands - followed by Kraft (22%), and Own-label products (11%), while other manufacturers made up the remaining 11% in 2005. There are no dominant suppliers for ground and roast. However one company, Douwe Egberts, had the highest market share at 12%, followed by Cafdirect, Taylors, and Lavazza, with 8% market shares each. Own-label manufacturers for ground and roast coffee, however, possess 40% of the total market. table 4: Market share of instant coffee, by producer, by value, 2003 and 2005 2003 2005 (est) %